What Did Gilbert Do and How Did He Do It?

What did Kramers and Kronig do and how did they do it?

Over time the account of how the Kramers–Kronig (dispersion) relations between the real and imaginary parts of response functions were derived in 1926 and 1927 has been transmogrified into anecdotes about what might have been done but was not. Although Kramers obtained both members of a pair of relations, Kronig obtained only one. Both authors appealed to specific models of an atomic gas rather...

How did they do that?

The study by DiDiodato and McAthur describes work to improve the care of patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. They compare length of stay of patients after the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme that was initially led by an infectious diseasetrained pharmacist and then transitioned to a ward-based pharmacist. To estimate the impact on length of ...

What Is Shock Therapy? What Did It Do in Poland and Russia?*

The paper considers Russian reforms within the wider debate on the advisability of shock therapy programs. The vision of political and economic processes implicit in shock therapy is analyzed and critiqued using a comparison with an alternative, evolutionary viewpoint. In Poland and Russia, shock therapy failed in its goal of implementing top-down reforms, by-passing existing political and soci...

Housework: Who Did, Does or Will Do It, and How Much Does It Matter?

“Is Anyone Doing the Housework?” (Bianchi et al. 2000) was motivated, like much of the research on housework, by a desire to better understand gender inequality and social change in the work and family arena in the United States. During the 1990s, Arlie Hochschild’s (1989) influential book, The Second Shift, provided the dominant assessment of the gender division of labor in the home (Konigsber...

"What to do--how to do it.